Columbus Dbq

In the year 1492, explorer Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain to what he believed to be India. That is a fact which cannot be disputed. However, it is often the case that historians are biased in their writing and add their own personal beliefs and interpretations into accounts of what happened. An example of this is historian Davis E. Stannard’s controversial book, American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World.Stannard uses facts to support his belief that Columbus and the explorers to follow in his footsteps are responsible for a mass genocide of the Indian peoples. Columbus’s captain’s log does much to contradict Stannard’s views. Columbus states that he wishes for â€Å"†¦the natives to develop a friendly attitude toward us [the Spanish explorers and settler]. † Columbus wants no harm to come to the Natives and makes sure that trade between the natives and his men is not unfair.He may have been a bit misguided with his attempts to covert the natives to Christianity, but he himself writes that â€Å"†¦they are a people who can be made free and converted to our Holy Faith more buy love than by force. † Columbus does not want to bring any sort of harm to the Natives, and believes â€Å"†¦that in all the world there cannot be better or more gentle people. † The impression one may have of Columbus solely from reading this document starkly differs from the view of Columbus that Stannard emphasizes.Bartolome de Las Casa’s History of the Indies sheds a light on the cruelties that the Spanish were not just capable of, but committed on a day to day basis. De Las Casa helps support Stannard’s thesis and showcases the horrible deeds performed by the Spaniards often. The Spanish soldiers would slaughter the Natives â€Å"†¦like sheep in a corral. † They would often place bets to measure their strength, such as who could cut a Native in half with a single blow, or slice of their heads the quickest.They has no mercy, and made sure to â€Å"†¦prevent Indians from daring to think of themselves as human beings or even having a minute to think at all. † The soldiers didn’t blink an eye at working entire tribe to death or just killing them for sport, strongly supporting Stannard’s claim of destructive genocide. Travels in Quivira by Francesco Coronado gives no support to Stannard’s thesis. In fact, the document serves to dispute Stannard completely. Coronado was exploring present day Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. He was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Cibula.The natives had told him that these golden cities were located to the north and Coronado harmed them in no way. After finding no gold, Coronado’s guides revealed to him that they had, at the orders of the Natives, led him through uninhabited desserts in an attempt to starve him and his company to death. Stannard is firm in his constitu tion that it was the Spanish who were wrong, not the Natives. While this document is just one example of the Native’s wrongdoings, it showcases that both parties had their share of wrong doings as well as their share of kindness.The exploration and settlement of the New World was not handled as well as it should have been, but both the Natives and the Spanish had their share of heroes and villains. Columbus fell into neither of these categories. He truly believed that he treated the Natives justly, and, for the most part, he did. He did, however, open the door for other, crueler, people to come in. The Natives cannot be lumped into good or bad in this situation either. There were kind Natives, such as those who met with Columbus, but there were also cruel Natives, such as those who attempted to lead Francesco Coronado to his death.

Dota Addiction Effects in Academic Performance Essay

INTRODUCTION As time continues to run, our world keeps getting more advance and modernize and until now, it doesn’t stop. One of the finished products of modernization is the machine called â€Å"Computer†. Since, it was invented and being developed, it gives us benefits and brings significance and importance to our lives. But as we all know that when things are not used properly, there’s always a negative effect that occurs. It can be in our thoughts, behaviors, actions, and or in other ways. Computer games are slowly arousing and it is one of the things that bring the negative effect. Many people are playing and having so much fun with this that can be a form of entertainment. DOTA is one of the examples of computer games. And this is whereour topic began to star. DOTA means Defense of the Ancients. It is commonly the word that we can hear on most people especially the youth and some actually doesn’t have any idea about it. We usually observed some students talking about â€Å"Laro tayo DOTA mamaya.† or â€Å"We play DOTA later.† not going straight at home after school. It captures our attention when we are hearing those students talking about the thing DOTA .and actually; we observed that it affects their behavior especially in academic standing. Defense of the Ancients (DOTA) is a custom scenario for Warcraft III, based on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft .The objective of the scenario is to destroytheopponents†Ancient.† The two team’s ancients are heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use powerful units known as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters called â€Å"creeps†. As in role-playing games, players level up their hero and use gold to buy equipment during the mission. The scenario was developed with the â€Å"World Editor† of Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos, and was updated upon the release of the Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne. There have been many variations of the original concept; currently, the most popular is DOTA All-stars, which has been maintained by several authors during development.Since its release, Allstars has become a featureat several worldwidetournaments, including Blizzard Entertainmentâ€℠¢s Blizz Conand the Asian World Cyber Games, as well as the Cyber athlete Amateur and Cyber Evolution leagues; Gama sutra declared that DOTA was perhaps the most popular â€Å"free, non-supported game mod in the world†. The map has gone on to influence other maps and games, including the upcoming strategy game Demigod. DOTA GAMES have now been with us for over 30 years. The Atari 2600 is nearly 25 years old. Civilization is now nearly 10 years old. Yet, many Americans fail to recognize these complex achievements as more than fads or child’s play. Ask most people what they think about video games, DOTA and many will respond that they’re a waste of time. Many critics argue that games produce socially isolated people or promote violent behavior. DOTA games are simple, mind numbing entertainment. Playing games is a waste of time. Some of these criticisms may (or may not) be true, but to view all game playing through this lens is to ignore the broader history of games and the diverse range of game playing experiences available. In fact, the DOTA games sales charts reflect this diversity. The Sims Theâ€Å"animated dollhouse† game where players create and play out digital fantasy hous eholds has dominated the charts for 18 months straight. There are so many computer games which is being addicted by the children or students either in high school and college and even the elementary really like the DOTA games or video games. Today millions of students has been playing DOTA games and become their habits it is so hard for them to avoid playing DOTA games. It is a big Physical and Psychological effects for them mostly to their studies. According to Guinsoo, the creator and the first head developer of Ice frog, he and his men (including â€Å"Buff Me Please† who had retired a few months ago) created DOTA in 2003 as a customized game in Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos created by Blizzard Entertainment. DOTA is popular not only here in the Philippines but also in other countries like Germany, United States of America, Canada, Slovenia and England. This phenomenal PC game had released many versions, and the latest version of DOTA is DOTA All-stars 6.70. Most of its players are males, for about 94%, and the remaining players ar e females. From elementary, high school, college, out of school youth and even adults, DOTA dominates the gaming life of most gamers. DOTA offers a variety of game modes, selected by the game host at the beginning of the match. The game modes dictate the difficulty of the scenario, as well as whether people can choose their hero or are assigned one randomly. Many game modes can be combined, allowing more flexible options. As DOTA arises, many issues also arise. It may be about on relationships, peers, foes, and most especially, education. This introductory message will begin to tackle the effects of playing Defense of the Ancients in academic performance among male freshmen college students of freshmen in academic year of 2010-2011. Backgrounds of the Study Technology today is very advanced and widely used by people in working, studying, communicating, and even for games and entertainment. Games are very popular with teenagers these days. It entertains them and made them have fun. â€Å"Responsible gaming is an attitude we need if we are engage into Computer Game. Developing this attitude is not a personal choice alone, it requires the participation of society (parents, school, game developer and government). Statement of the problem This research seeks to evaluate the effect of DOTA game in academic Performance of Information Technology Students of STI Education Services Group Inc. Semester 2012 – 2013. 1. Is there a significant effect in DOTA addiction to the academic performance of Information Technology Student of 2nd semester 2012- 2013? 2. Number of time spent in playing DOTA games. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This chapter presents different approaches which may be necessary to the development of this paper work. For better understanding, the researchers have sought other perspective to further discussion. Independent variableDependent variable Number of time spent in playing DOTA games Academic Performance of Information Technology Student ASSUMPTION Assumptions The researcher came up with following assumption as the basis of their studies: DOTA game affects the academic performance of Information Technology students of STI Education Services Group Inc. 2nd semester 2012-2013. HYPOTHESIS There is no significant effect DOTA game to the academic performance of Information Technology Student of STI Education Services Group Inc. 2nd semester 2012-2013. Significance of the Study The findings of this research may benefit the students, teachers as well the researcher. The result of this study will lead to the improvement of the academic performance of Information Technology Students. The result will benefit the student the awareness the effect DOTA addiction to their Academic performance and knowledge on the magnitude of effects whether it is health, study, social, and family and even money issues. SCOPE AND THE LIMITATION The study to determine the significant effect of DOTA to the academic performance of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Students of STI Education Services Group Inc. 2nd semester 2012-2013. The available Academic Performance Rating of Students Of 2nd semester 2012-2013 in the registrar’s Office will be used a basis of research study. Scope of Key Terms These terms are defined operationally for in depth understanding on the use of the words in the research DOTA– is a game expanded from version of War of War Craft, defense of the Ancients is a custom scenario for Warcraft III Information technology (also referred to as IT)- is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term â€Å"Information Technology† in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that â€Å"the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT).† Based on the storage and processing technology employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mech anical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940) and electronic (1940-present). This article focuses on the most recent period, (electronic) which began around the year 1940. CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature The researcher cited related studies in local setting and foreign setting in order to support the present study. This will help the researcher to determine the similarities and differences of past studies obtain the aspect of the problem that is critical. And to determine the importance of this study. Concept of Intelligence Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person’s intellectual performance will vary on different occasions, in different domains, as judged by different criteria. Concepts of â€Å"intelligence† are attempts to clarify and organize this complex set of phenomena. (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986). Such disagreements are not cause for dismay. Scientific research rarely begins with fully agreed definitions, though it may eventually lead to them. The Psychometric approach ever since Alfred Binet’s great success in devising tests to distinguish mentally retarded children from those with behavior problems, psychometric instruments have played an important part in European and American life. Tests are used for many purposes, such as selection, diagnosis, and evaluation. Many of the most widely used tests are not intended to measure intelligence itself but some closely related construct: scholastic attitude, school achievement, specific abilities, etc. Tests of intelligence itself (in the psychometric sense) come in many forms. Some use only a single type of item or question; while some instruments have different types of items, both verbal and nonverbal tests. Test-takers may be asked to give the meanings of words, to complete a series of pictures, to indicate which of several words does not belong with the others, and the like. Local setting As in any situation where new technology is introduced to the Filipino youth, the social impact of the Internet is being looked at. One social problem that has been observed is that the Internet cafà © has become mainly game centres. About one-half to two-thirds of the computers in a typical Internet cafà ©, according to one study, are devoted to games (violent and gory games). The use of the remaining computers was roughly split between browsing, email, online chat, word processing and research. The Internet cafà ©s have become not just game centres. They are becoming centres off addiction among the youth, mostly boys, including elementary school pupils. Accordingto one concerned Internet cafà © entrepreneur, â€Å"Internet cafà ©s are seducing youths to a new form of addiction, one which may not destroy their bodies as drugs do, but which is certainly twisting their minds. To the young play is reality and reality is play.† (Maslog C. (1998) Internet and Social Issues, Philippine Communication Today, Quezon City: New Day Publishers). Games come in many forms and style; like clothes, but unlike clothes however, you cannot wear them and it isn’t food so you cannot eat them. So why are people going gaga over such an ironically powerful phenomena? The answer lies in us, as human. Foreign Setting Lepper, M. R. &Gurtner, J (2000), states that prolonged and excessive use of these games can cause, mainly upon children, a number of physical and psychological problems which may include obsessive, addictive behavior, dehumanization of the player, desensitizing of feelings, personality changes, hyperactivity learning disorders, premature maturing of children, psychomotor disorders, health problems (due to lack of exercise & tendonitis), Development of anti-social behavior and loss of free thinking and will. Anderson and Bushman (2001), found that across 54 independent tests of the relation between video game violence and aggression, involving 4262 participants, there appear to be five consistent results of playing games with violent contents. Playing violent games increase aggressive behaviors, increases aggressive cognitions, increases aggressive emotions, increases physiological arousal, and decreases pro-social behaviors. Since most electronic games are violent, children below legal ages are emotionally disturbed and caused several changes on their behavior. Austin, Pinkleton & Fujioka (2000), quoted that â€Å"parental meditation is correlated with better academic performance. And has been shown to increase beliefs in social norms, and to decrease fear.†Which refers to the parental consent of the player as they play a violent-oriented game. Gentile & Walsh (2002), wherein 55% of parents said that â€Å"always† or â€Å"often† should parents put limits on the amount of the time their children may play computer and video games, and 40% said they â€Å"always† or â€Å"often† check the video game rating before allowing their children to buy or rent computer or video games. Even through these numbers are not particularly high, they may overestimate the amount of parental monitoring of children’s video game play. DOTA basically is a game expanded from version of War of War Craft, which initially a strategic game similar to Red Alert series. But eventually evolved into current state. Gamers can play DOTA on a wide range; from single player, local LAN, or LANover internet connection with various countries’ gamers. There contain variety of Heroes to be chosen as your character, there are many type of gaming modes, and different type of map for the game modes. There’s no need for me to explain how the game is conducted and the features of the game. Because there are lots of gamers who are more expert than me exist in the DOTA community. For me, this DOTA is not a difficult game for amateur; you can start play DOTA anytime and familiar with this game easily over 2 or 3 days. But one thing to remind you is, DOTA is not easy to master and play like a Pro. You can take up to several years spent on this game but still behave like amateur. There are lots of effects which DOTA brings to our society, to be particular, the youth. Bibliography * ](2011, 02). The Effects of Playing Defense of the Ancients in Academic Performance Among Male Freshmen College Students of Freshmen in Academic Year of 2010-2011.. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2011, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Effects-Of-Playing-Defense-Of-580808.html * http://www.scribd.com/doc/43813815/Impacts-of-Dota-in-Students * (2011, 03). The Effects of Dota. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 03, 2011, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Effects-Of-Dota-626652.html * (2011, 04). Dota: Recreation or Addiction?. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 04, 2011, from * â€Å"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/defense_of_ancients† * (Maslog C. (1998) Internet and Social Issues, Philippine Communication Today,Quezon City: New Day Publishers) * Lepper, M. R. &Gurtner, J (2000), United States= * Anderson and Bushman (2001) * Austin, Pinkleton& Fujioka (2000) * Gentile & Walsh (2002)

Emotional Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emotional Intelligence - Essay Example This conclusion was based on the skills of different clinical officers. In addition, it is not only the mental intelligences of a person which can assist in making the difference, but there has to be other forms of relations such as emotional response. This means that an emotional intelligent person will be able to know his emotions and those of others that will make him or her relate well with them. From the definition of emotional intelligence, it is clear that its needs are vital in any working environment. With this, I value emotional intelligence in management. I support emotional intelligence based on the number of its ideas. For example, emotional intelligence is vital in an individual life, and people have different ways of controlling, understanding and recognizing emotions, and the variety in understanding and controlling emotions makes individuals in their everyday life to adapt in divers manners especially at the work place. From the above concepts, emotional intelligence is important in management because the management team know how to handle different workers and situations so as to achieve the best outcomes. This characteristic would show that managers should have self-control so that this translates to the subordinates and a cohesive work team is created. Concerning this, the management team should encourage cohesiveness and skills that will result to positive work outcomes (Cherniss 114). Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Management Performance Good emotional intelligence affects management performance. This is evident from the traits that the management team have if they practice emotional intelligence. One of the traits is self-awareness, which means that the manager or management team is capable of knowing his or her strength and weaknesses because he or she understands emotions and its effects. The management would be affected in positive manner if the managers would use their strengths to promote good working relations and also recogniz e their weaknesses to assist in finding solutions that could shape management for high-end production. Management could also be affected in positive manner because an emotional intelligent management team or managers possess social awareness trait, which means that they recognize emotions of other individuals like employees in the firm, and they also know their wants and are able to interact with them socially. From this, it is evident that emotional intelligence affects management in a positive way because good relationships and communications are established hence management performance is improved. Furthermore, emotional intelligence affects management performance, as the it will easily develop solutions in cases of conflict, as it is aware of how to handle different situations and this is a form of inspiration to the employees as they will learn from their seniors and this creates a productive workforce (Lazovic 798). Importance of Emotional Intelligence in the Work Place There is clear view that emotional intelligence is important based on the following mechanisms; first, an emotionally intelligent person has capability of differentiating emotions, and they can use emotions to reason, recognize and can take control of emotions which is seen as a way of stress management. Emotional intelligence will be paramount in the workforce as people will be able to relate with each other and learn how to resolve conflicts in the event that they arise. Emotionally

How should WTO member states respond to the issue of access to Essay

How should WTO member states respond to the issue of access to medicines as provided for in the DOHA AGREEMENT for trips - Essay Example European Union: European Parliament , EU Motion For Resolution Cases: Thai Cigarette Case India- Mailbox Case 3 Abstract The issue of access to medicines is an important, strategic issue which if not answered immediately will entail loss of million of lives. At the moment, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is raging like wild bushfire in Africa. In Kenya alone, 300 people die daily because of AIDS while1.5 million people carry the HIV virus . In other countries, the statistics are even more mind-boggling. The Doha Agreement on TRIPS and the strict intellectual property laws on patents had been pinpointed as at the heart of the failure to access medicines needed to treat HIV, TB, malaria and other diseases prevalent in LDCs or least developed countries. This paper traces the history of the Doha Agreement and finds solutions to the problem of accessibility pointing out weaknesses in the TRIPS Agreement. Finally, it suggests ways of how WTO member states be able to do their part in ensuring that millions of lives be saved by a steady supply of affordable, generic drugs to LCDS and how these can be encouraged to manuf acture their own drugs using compulsory licenses easily obtainable through TRIPS provisions and furthermore export these drugs to other LCDs similarly situated as them. Introduction International trade in the olden days was often marked with conflicts, disputes or even violence that threatened sprouting of wars between contracting nations. Thus,... International trade in the olden days was often marked with conflicts, disputes or even violence that threatened sprouting of wars between contracting nations. Thus, the lex mercatoria or law merchant came into being to govern international trade, all international merchants and especially monopolistic chartered companies such as the East India Company, South Sea Company and the Hudson Bay Company which needed to be reined over to protect small-scale merchants . Suddenly, international commercial arbitration governed by lex mercatoria was utilised to settle international trade disputes. Here, an aritrator applied the usages and customs of international trade and the â€Å"rules of law which are common to all or most of the states engaged in international trade† . But despite this, the problem of diversity of sales laws in some 200 trading countries, forum shopping by nations in dispute, no level playing field, high transaction costs demanded that conflict rules of internationa l law be applied to avoid rising incidents of disputes. As international trade metamorphosed into a highly complex trade deals that involved tariffs and non-tariff barriers, dumping of goods, trade in services, trade in intellectual property, patents, trademarks, copyright rights etc., institutions designed to supervise, police and liberalise international trade as well as negotiate and implement trade agreements, had to be established. Moreover, as authors Trebilcock and Howse pointed out, there was an imperative need to regulate international trade because a favourable balance of trade had to be perpetually maintained and this meant formulating policies that encouraged aggressive exportation while at the same time restricted importation.

The Case for the United Nations in the Twenty-first Century Essay - 1

The Case for the United Nations in the Twenty-first Century - Essay Example By the culmination of 2010, there existed some 340,000 people of interest to UNHCR within Southern Africa, together with roughly 146,000 immigrants, 193,000 refuge-seekers as well as 700 returnees. Varied migratory movements in Southern Africa (SA) from the Horn of Africa, as well as the Great Lakes Expanse, continue to present a substantial challenge. Awareness of economic prospect attracts asylum-seekers, refugees and immigrants alike, making them susceptible to exploitation. However, the UNHCR is working with appropriate investors to devise protection-sensitive national and regional sanctuary and immigration policies and systems. The purpose is to tackle the growing occurrence of varied migratory flows to Southern Africa from other camps in Malawi and Mozambique. Economic constraints encountered by governments within the region restrict the extent of resources obtainable for migrant protection (Salmon 2010).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusively, preserving global world harmony is a fundamental resolution of the UN.   Under the Commission, Member Countries agree to resolve disputes via peaceful methods and cease from terrorizing and employing violence against other countries. Throughout the years, the United Nations has performed a major function in aiding defuse global emergencies and in settling protracted clashes. It has embarked on complex missions involving peacekeeping, peace-making and humanitarian aid. It has functioned to avert conflicts from erupting.   Moreover, after warfare, it has progressively taken on action to tackle the root grounds of warfare and place the basis for long-lasting peace. However, things do not turn out as they are planned and just like any organization, UN too has in one way or another encountered difficulty in trying to accomplish its goals. Some of its efforts have been unsuccessful in most parts, for instance, its laxity in backing the African Union in peace enforcement m issions, whereas others have borne fruits.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The 21st century has been a challenge to the UN since some of its member states have been questioning its importance and especially within the African states. UN and the international community laxity in affording assistance to affected states when conflicts arise may have aided this. United Nations must trace back its steps, establish, and strengthen its relationship and undertakings within the Africa continent. If not, its role may seem insignificant and especially in the 21st century nations, which are well informed and they are aware of, and have a   better understanding of the world politics(Powell 2006). United Nations needs to device operational policies that will see it through in attainment of its vision, mission, and objectives and reinstate back its role as the world’s peace enforcement entity.

Math Early Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Early Childhood - Essay Example It has voice instructions that guide users on what to pick before they touch the visible balloon for the bee to set off. Available at http://www.appolicious.com/education/apps/, this application is intended for early year teaching of math with the target age bracket being children between 1-6 years. It has shapes in both 2D and 3D and numbers between 1and 10 with numerous colourful flash cards to help children learn better through the stages. The app incorporates basic concepts of object comparison to help understand measurements among the target group. With the visible 3D shapes, kids can differentiate between the objects left and those taken to help develop their addition and subtraction skills. Also available at http://www.appolicious.com/education/apps, it has won several awards among the 2011 Silver Award by the Parents’ Choice Foundation. It invites kids to learn how to count, add subtract and sort in a park setting with its target users being between the ages of 1and 6 years. It has seven fun learning activities that start with swing numbers that help in counting rabbit swings up to 50, slide additions where a duck climbs on top of each slide as the user counts thereby learning how to make additions, Apple tree for subtraction where users learn how to subtract as Apples fall from a tree and picnic for counting where kids feed a hippo with the right food items just to highlight a fraction of the activities. The application has sufficient details with the all the required elements of a good app from the results of the evaluation. It has both operational variety and interest that stir user curiosity. The evaluation tool therefore awarded it optimum points with regards to accessibility, content and individualization. The three applications have a similar target group of between years 1 and 6 with the distinction n the mode of learning where the first app employs a bee and balloon, second uses shapes in 2D and 3D while the

President Grover Cleveland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

President Grover Cleveland - Research Paper Example He was also nick named as Uncle Jumbo. His commitment towards truth and honesty can be witnessed in his famous words; â€Å"To be president, you should have honesty. Honesty is always telling the truth. Do you tell the truth? Above all tell the truth† (American President – Grover Cleveland). Cleveland has contributed heavily to American politics and social life. This paper analyses Cleveland’s life and his contributions to American politics and society. Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837 in Caldwell, New Jersey. He grew up in New York. He started attending school at the age of 11. When his father died in 1853, Cleveland left school to work and support his family. He moved in 1855 to live and work with his Uncle in Buffalo, New York. He studied law in Buffalo and was admitted to the bar in 1859 (Kelly) Cleveland got married only after he became the twenty second president of America. Probably, he is the only president in the history of America who got married as a president of America. He was 49 at the time of his marriage and his wife Frances Folsom was only 21 at that time. He had five children (three daughters and two sons) in this relationship; however he was alleged to have another child in a premarital relationship. During the Civil War he had hired a substitute when drafted into the army. This was perfectly legal but certainly a disadvantage at a time when most successful northern politicians made much of their military achievements in defense of the Union. More serious still, Cleveland was the father of an illegitimate child. He had provided for the support of the child, but in those Victorian times knowledge of his transgression, should it become widely known, seemed sure to cost him heavily at the polls. Yet three years later he was elected president of the United States (Garraty) The election of Cleveland as America’s president is still mysterious to many people. Cleveland never possessed the normal qualities required for getting the candidature of Democratic Party. He was not much educated and had some illegal relationships while he was selected as the Democratic Marty candidate for presidential election. Military service was compulsory in American military; however he escaped from that using by drafting a substitute into the military. In short, none of his personal, academic or professional achievements or qualities were popular; yet he succeeded in winning the president election purely because of his anti-corruption stands and some other popular opinions he expressed on various issues. Cleveland started his political life during the latter half of nineteenth century after the completion of his law studies. He has gained immense publicity because of his anti-corruption stands since corruption was widespread in American political and social life circuits. He has taken Democratic Party membership and won the mayor election of Buffalo in 1882. Later, (during the period 1883-1885) he became the govern or of New York. He has caught the attention of the people not because of his fight against corruption alone; but because of his stands against tariffs, inflation, imperialism etc. He has demanded political and economic reforms in America which made him the real hero of American politics during the latter part of nineteenth century. Cleveland's phenomenal political rise was not entirely due to his honesty and courage, which were considerable. His unusual success was possible because the American people had become

Undercover Boss Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Undercover Boss - Assignment Example The expected salary for the described job position is around $40,000 to start on average. In order to determine and collect the information about the job position’s responsibilities, duties, necessary skills, outcomes and work environment of the job of the Catering director a job analyses is prepared. A Catering director is responsible for all types of operations and duties of the catering faculty (Andrews, 1980). A Catering Director is supposed to look for the overall management of the catering segment in a restaurant. The expected salary for the described job position is around $28,000 to start. In particular a Catering Director has to, The information of the staff and employees collected for the job analysis for the job positions or vacancies required for the new hiring in our company is through the observation and interviews. These two methods are considered as the most authentic for the data collection. The other authentic, one-on-one method is to interview. It helps connect the observations with the talking of the employees. Set of questions should be specifically based on observations and they work best (OMeara, 2013). The job analysis plays an essential role in identifying the functions of the jobs in our company. It also helps assist and identify reasonable accommodations made by our company’s policies. The policies and laws of our company avoid misclassification of employees to prevent the legal fees, fines and payback. It follows the â€Å"Fair Labor Standards Act† and this way our employees remain aware of the job functions and duties the employees are doing. The employees are compensated on a salary basis rate, which is not lesser than $455 per week. Salary test is also conducted for this purpose (Sims & Veres, 1995). The job description is kept updated as a job analysis is

China Versus India Economic Growth Research Paper

China Versus India Economic Growth - Research Paper Example In terms of per capita GDP, India is way behind China with only $1124 compared to China’s $7518. (Runckel, 2002) China has a remarkably well developed infrastructural system. A number of prime factors that have developed a vast difference between the two countries’ economies, this include; labor development, manpower, water management, communication, healthcare services and facilities and also civic amenities (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). All these key aspects become clearly defined in China, a nation that has placed positive impacts in the country's economy turning it to a leading in the world (Runckel, 2002). Although India has in the recent times grown and developed tremendously, it still faces problems such as unemployment, poverty, lack of civic amenities and many more. Unlike India, China has continued investing large amounts toward the development of manpower and strengthening of its infrastructure (Chow, 2001). Furthermore, in the sector of manufacturing, China is way ahead of India. In terms of world rankings, China is the third largest nation in manufacturing just behind America and Japan (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). India is at the distant 12th and this point out to the fact that its success in expanding the nation’s service industry is yet to be seen in the sector of manufacturing (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). China was quick in embracing globalization and other open market economies. While the liberalization of India’s policies started in the early 1990s, China had by the mid 1980s welcomed Direct Foreign Investment and also private investment (Chow, 2001). This introduced a significant change in the country’s economy and its Gross Domestic Product increased considerably (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006) Nevertheless, India enjoys a large upper hand over China in the sector of IT/ BPO (Runckel, 2002). India’s documented earnings from the BPO sector in 2010 alone were $49.7 billion, while China’s earnings were $35.76 billion (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). In the world’s top ten BPO list, seven India cities feature prominently while only a single city from China is on the list (Runckel, 2002). Also, despite China being one of the Socialist countries, it started towards the match to liberalization of its economy way ahead of India. This strengthened its economy to a great deal (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). China is also lagging behind India in tax incentives. Its capital market lags behind India’s capital market in terms of transparency and predictability (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). India’s stock market is highly transparent and predictable. India possesses Asia’s oldest stock exchange, The Bombay Stock Exchange. China is home to both Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). As far as the issue of capitalization gets concerned, Bombay Stock Exchange is smaller than Shanghai Stock Exchange. Shanghai Stock Exchange holds $1.7 trillion with about 8 49 listed companies while Bombay Stock Exchange owns $1 trillion with close to 4833 listed companies (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006).  In spite the size that makes the two different, BSE operates on the principles of global guidelines and is highly stable because of the quality of the listed corporations (Runckel, 2002). Over the years, both these two

Victorian England Essay Example for Free

Victorian England Essay On the 7th February 1812 Charles John Huffham Dickens was born to John and Elizabeth Dickens in Portsmouth, England. Charles had the good fortune of been sent to school at aged 9 was short-lived when his father, who was his inspiration for the character Mr. Micawber in David Copperfeild, was sent to jail for bad debt. Charles was sent to work in Warrens blacking factory and endured appalling conditions as well as loneliness and despair. Due to the passing of a wealthy family member 3 years later John Dickens inherited enough money to pay of his debts, so he was released and Charles was sent back to school. This experience was never forgotten and became fictionalised in two of his better-known novels David Copperfield and Great Expectations when Charles went on to become one of the most popular and beloved writers who ever lived. More than just a writer, Dickens used his enormous popularity to attack injustice and strengthen the sympathies of his readers for the poor and the helpless, for orphans and outcast people. He believed that many schools discouraged the development of the childrens imaginations, and during a lecture he gave in 1857 stated schools trained them as little parrots and small calculating machines. In Hard Times Dickens created his characters to reflect his views on education and showed this by the language he used to describe and tell the story. The main literary technique used by Charles Dickens is the use of exaggeration, using powerful language to elaborate reality much of which contains the truth. Dickens exaggerates the names of the characters and the description of the characters and classroom to show you how ridiculous the education system was and how wrong it was in the way of teaching children. The scene was a plain, bare, monotonous vault of a schoolroom Dickens reveals that the school is dull and lifeless; there is no colour in the room or images that could stimulate a Childs mind. The word vault makes us think of a safe, a hard metal prison-like box that we use to lock away items of great importance and beauty. In this case it is the childrens imagination that is been locked away. All imagination, creativity and joy are taken away from the children, leaving them to learn the same monotonous lessons in a cold, blank classroom. Dickens is saying that the classrooms and way of teaching lacks imagination and creativity, things a child will need to expand there mind more than facts will. Dickens emphasizes the word facts to again show how the education system is driving away a Childs imagination. NOW, what I want is, facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life From the very beginning Dickens is establishing with the reader that facts alone are what is been taught to the children. The education system was based upon the learning of facts and nothing else. This is acknowledged by the constant repetition of the word fact in the first chapter, especially in the first paragraph. The repetition is used to emphasize the importance of facts and that nothing else will ever be of any service to the students. Dickens is mocking there believe that a child will need nothing in life but the knowledge of facts.

Proposed System for Plagiarism Detection

Proposed System for Plagiarism Detection Chapter 3 The Proposed System Introduction This chapter introduces ZPLAG as proposed system, and its most important design issues are explained in details. It is very easy for the student to find the documents and magazines using advanced search engines, so the problem of electronic thefts is no longer local or regional, but has become a global problem occurring in many areas. Due to the Hugging of information, and correlation networks, the discovery of electronic thefts is a difficult task, and the discovery of the thefts started in the Arabic language and the most difficult task no doubt. And in light of the growing e-learning systems in the Arab countries, this requires special techniques to detect thefts electronic written in Arabic. And although it could use some search engines like Google, it is very difficult to copy and paste the sentences in the search engines to find these thefts. For this reason, it must be develop a good tool for the discovery of electronic thefts written Arabic language to protect e-learning systems, and to facilitate and accelerate the learning process, where it can automatically detect electronic thefts automatically by this tool. This thesis shows, ZPLAG, a system that works on the Internet to enable specialists to detect thefts of electronic texts in Arabic so it can be integrated with e-learning systems to ensure the safety of students and research papers and scientific theses of electronic thefts. The thesis also describes the major components of this system, including stage outfitted, and in the end we will establish an experimental system on a set of documents and Arabic texts and compared the results obtained with some of the existing systems, particularly TurnItIn. The chapter is organized as follow; Section 3.2 presents an overview of the Arabic E-Learning, Section 3.3 presents and explains the General Overview of the Proposed System, Section 3.4 explains in details the system architecture of the proposed system ZPLAG. Section 3.5 gives a summery for this chapter. General Overview of the Proposed System The proposed system consists of three different phases namely; (1) Preparation phase, (2) Processing phase, and (3) Similarity detection phase. Figure 3.1 depicts the phases of the proposed system. Figure 3.1 Proposed system phases Preparation Phases: this phase is responsible for collecting and prepares the documents for the next phase. It consists of five modules: text editor module, check language module, check spelling module, check grammar module, and Sentences analysis module. Text editor module allows the user to input a text or upload a text file in document format, these files can be processed in the next phase. The check language module is responsible for checking the input file written language, If it is an Arabic language then use Arabic process, or English language then use English process. The check spelling module use to check the words are written correct or there is some misspelling. This phase consists of three modules explained as follows: Tokenization: break up the input text as some token . SWR: remove the common words that appear in the text but carry little meaning. Rooting: is the process of removing: (prefixes, infixes, or/and suffixes) from words to get the roots or stems of this word Replacement of Synonym: words are converted to their synonyms. Similarity detection Phases: It is consists of three modules Fingerprinting, documents representation and similarity detection, this phase discussed as follows: To calculate fingerprints of any document, first cut up the text into small pieces called chunks, the chunking method that responsible for cutting up the text will be determined [12]. A unit of chunk could be a sentence or a word. In case of chunking using sentences called sentence-based, the document can be cutted into small chunks based on ‘C’ parameter. For example, a document containing sentences ds1 ds2 ds3 ds4 ds5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be ds1 ds2 ds3, ds2 ds3 ds4, ds3 ds4 ds5. For example, a document containing words dw1 dw2 dw3 dw4 dw5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be dw1 dw2 dw3, dw2 dw3 dw4, dw3 dw4 dw5. The chunking using Word gives higher precision in similarity detection than the chunking sentence. The Architecture pf Proposed System The following properties should be satisfied by any system detecting plagiarism in natural language: Insensitivity to small matches. Insensitivity to punctuation, capitalization, etc. Insensitivity to permutations of the document content. The system main architecture of ZPLAG is illustrated in Figur1. Preparation: text editor, check language, check spelling, and check grammar. Preprocess: synonym replacement, tokenization, rooting, and stop-word removal. Fingerprinting: the use of n-gram, where the user choses the parameter n. Document representation: for each document, create a document tree structure that describes its internal representation. Selection of a similarity: use of a similarity metric to find the longest match of two hash strings. As mentioned in the previous section, the system architecture breakdown contains three main phases. Each phase will be composed to a set of modules in terms of system functionality. The following section contains the description of each phase and its modules in details. 3.4.1 The Preparation Phase The main task of this phase is to prepare the data for the next phase. It consists of text editor module, check language module, check spelling module and check grammars module. 3.4.1.1. Text editor Module Figure 3.2, illustrates text editor module. The users of the text editor module are faculty members and students, where the users need a text area to upload their files, so the brows helps for file path to make it easy for the users, After that check file format is very important , because the service upload files with doc or docx format, then after the user upload the file , the text editor module save the file in the database. Figure 3.2 text editor module 3.4.1.2 Check Language Module The raw text of the document is treated separately as well. In order to extract terms from text, classic Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are applied as. Figure 3.3 illustrates Check Language module and its functions: from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check language module bring the file and read it, then check for language either Arabic , English or combo (both Arabic and English), After that mark the document with its written language and save the file again in the system database. Figure 3.3 check language module 3.4.1.3 Check Spelling Module Figure 3.4 illustrates Check spelling module and its functions: after bringing the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check spelling module read the file, and use the web spelling checker, then the check spelling module make all the possible replacements for the words in false spelling check , After that save the file again in the system database. Figure 3.4 check spelling module 3.4.1.4 Check Grammars Module For English documents, Figure 3.5 illustrates Check grammar module and its functions: after bringing the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check grammar module read the file, and use the web grammar checker, After that the check grammar module mark the sentences with the suitable grammar mark and save the file again in the system database. Figure 3.5 check grammar module 3.4.2 The processing Phase 3.4.2.1 The Tokenization Module In the Tokenization module : after bringing the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the Tokenization module read the file, and brake down the file into paragraphs, after that brake down the paragraphs into sentences, then brake down the sentence into words. After that save the file again in the system database. 3.4.2.2 The Stop Words Removal and Rooting Module The raw text of the document is treated separately as well. In order to extract terms from text, classic Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are applied as. Figure 3.6 illustrates Stop Words Removal and rooting module and its functions: Figure 3.6: SWR and Rooting module SWR: Common stop words in English include: a, an, the, in, of, on, are, be, if, into, which etc. Whereas stop words in Arabic include: Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   , Ø ¥Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ° , Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   , Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ° , Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã…   etc. These words do not provide a significant meaning to the documents . Therefore, they should be removed in order to reduce ‘noise’ and to reduce the computation time. Word Stemming: it will be changed into the word’s basic form. 3.4.2.3 Replacement of Synonym Replacement of Synonym: It may help to detect advanced forms of hidden plagiarism. The first synonym in the list of synonyms of a given word is considered as the most frequent one. 3.4.3 The Similarity Detection Phase 3.4.3.1 The Fingerprinting Module It is consists of three modules Fingerprinting, documents representation and similarity detection, this phase discussed as follows: To calculate fingerprints of any document, first cut up the text into small pieces called chunks, the chunking method that responsible for cutting up the text will be determined [12]. A unit of chunk could be a sentence or a word. In case of chunking using sentences called sentence-based, the document can be cutted into small chunks based on ‘C’ parameter. For example, a document containing sentences ds1 ds2 ds3 ds4 ds5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be ds1 ds2 ds3, ds2 ds3 ds4, ds3 ds4 ds5. In case of chunking using word called a word-based chunking, the document is cutted into small chunks based on ‘C’ parameter. For example, a document containing words dw1 dw2 dw3 dw4 dw5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be dw1 dw2 dw3, dw2 dw3 dw4, dw3 dw4 dw5. The chunking using Word gives higher precision in similarity dete ction than the chunking sentence. ZPLAG is based on a word-based chunking method: in every sentence of a document, words are first chunked and then use a hash function for hashing. 3.4.3.2 The Document Representation Module Document representation: for each document, create a document tree structure that describes its internal representation. 3.4.3.3 The Similarity Detection Module A tree representation is created for each document to describe its logical structure. The root represents the document itself, the second level represents the paragraphs, and the leaf nodes contain the sentences. Summary Being a growing problem, The electronic thefts is generally known as plagiarism and dishonesty academic and they constitute a growing phenomenon, It should be known that way to prevent its spread and preserve the ethical principles that control the academic environments, with easy access to information on the World Wide Web and the large number of digital libraries, electronic thefts have become one of the most important issues that plague universities and scientific centers and research. This chapter presented in detailed description of the proposed system for plagiarism detection in electronic resources and its phases and its functions.

Pathology and Current Treatment of the Alzheimers Disease Essay

Pathology and Current Treatment of the Alzheimer's Disease Introduction One of the most feared aspects of aging is the deterioration of the memory and cognitive function (dementia) that occurs among the elderly with increasing frequency with advancing years. A significant proportion of otherwise healthy elderly persons show a significant decline in mental function later in life. It has been estimated that 10% of the population over the age of 65 suffers from mild to moderate dementia and 4-5% suffer from severe dementia. The incidence of severe dementia rises from less than 1% at ages 65 to 70 to over 15% by age 85 (Terry and Katzman, 1983). In the United States alone, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the major cause of senile dementia, afflicts several million people, and with the increasing longevity of the population, the number of such patients requiring complete and continuous institutional care will rise to epidemic proportions. This paper will attempt to describe the Alzheimer's Disease condition, both behaviorally and neuropathologically , and then look at traditional and current methods of treatment for patients of Alzheimer's Disease. The onset of senile dementia is characterized by increasing impairment of memory of recent events such as what a patient had for breakfast an hour earlier, though a detailed recall of the distant past may be essentially intact. Inevitably, the patients lose their cognitive abilities, that is, their abilities to read, write, calculate, and use language appropriately; they cannot feed or dress themselves, they do not recognize their own families, they get lost when only a short distance from home, and ultimately do not even know their own names (R. Perry et al., 2000, C.J.A. Mouli... ...minimal and mild) Alzheimer's Disease: relationship to episodic and semantic memory impairment, Neuropsychologia, 38:3, 2000, p. 252-271 Prasad, K.N., Hovland, A.R., Cole, W.C., Prasad, K.C., Nahreini, P., Edwards-Prasad, J., Andreatta, C.P. Multiple antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of biochemical rationale, Clinical Neuropharmacology, 23:1, 2000, p. 2-13 Roses, A.D. Apolipoprotein E affects the rate of Alzheimer's Disease expression: b -amyloid burden is a secondary consequence dependent on apoE genotype and duration of disease, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol, 53, 1994, p. 429-437 Terry, R.D., Katzman, R. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, Ann. Neurol., 14, 1983, p. 497-506 van Leuven, F. Single and multiple transgenic mice as models for Alzheimer's Disease, Progress in Neurobiology, 61:3, 2000, p. 305-312

Critical Analysis of Golding’s Use of Tone in Lord Of The Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Critical Analysis of Golding’s Use of Tone in Lord Of The Flies When viewing the atrocities of today's world on television, the starving children, the wars, the injustices, one cannot help but think that evil is rampant in this day and age. However, people in society must be aware that evil is not an external force embodied in a society but resides within each person. Man has both good qualities and faults. He must come to control these faults in order to be a good person. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this same evil which exists in all of his characters. With his mastery of such literary tools as structure, syntax, diction and imagery, The author creates a cheerless, sardonic tone to convey his own views of the nature of man and man’s role within society. The use of diction is powerful, with the gripping use of words and description. Golding creates tension and reinforces his theme and tone with the use of specific words. Many are connotative and therefore create a story abundant in meaning and symbolism. Golding uses colors such as pink to symbolize particular things such as innocence, as shown in the piglets and the island. The word yellow makes the reader think of the sun, enlightenment and Ralph; the words black and red bring to mind evil, blood and Jack. With the use of words the author also creates the novel's own private symbols that are key to the tone. The conch comes to symbolize authority, democracy and order. Upon the mentioning Piggy's glasses, images of insight and reason come to mind. With this highly connotative language, Golding creates many contrasts as well to convey his underlying theme. He compares the dazzling beach's "pink granite" [Page 12], green feathered palm trees and endless sand [Page 10] to the "darkness of the forest", full of "broken trunks", "cables of creepers" [page 28], and dense vegetation. He also compares the day's "torrid sun" [Page 176] to the night which makes everything as "dim and strange as the bottom of the sea" [Page 62]. The lagoon's security and the dangerous open sea are also contrasted when Golding qualifies them as "still as a mountain lake" [Page 10], "dark blue" [Page 31] and "deep sea" [page 62]. Golding also uses dark and inherently bad words such as "dark", "Jack", "broken", "torri d", "coarse" and "splintered" to describe sinister things and euphonious words such as "feathers", "glittering fish" and "Ralph" to describe more peaceful things.

K Pop Invasion

 ·Jealous Jealous of the girl who caught your eye One of my darker days When you looked at her where was I? Shoulda been in her place, here I am All alone imagining what could have been If I had been there Jealous of the one whose arms are around you If she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la Jealous of the one who won your heart They say it's a perfect match She's gonna get to be where you are And I don't get better than that She'll say you're fine Whisper words I wish were mineAnd they might have been If I had been there Jealous of the one whose arms are around you [ From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/n/nina-lyrics/jealous-lyrics. html ] If she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la You know I'd fight the good fight If I thought I'd change your mind But if she makes you happy I would leave that dream behind Man, she better treat you right And give you everything ‘Cause at the moment she doesn't I'll be waiting in the wings Jealous of the one whose arms are around youIf she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl  ·We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together I remember when we broke up the first time Saying, â€Å"This is it, I've had enough,† 'cause like We hadn't seen each other in a month When you said you needed space. (What? ) Then you come around again and say â€Å"Baby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna change, trust me. † Remember how that lasted for a day? I say, â€Å"I hate you,† we break up, you call me, â€Å"I love you. â€Å"Oooh we called it off again last night But oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Like, ever†¦ I'm really gonna miss you picking fights And me, falling for it screaming that I'm right And you, would hide away and find your peace of mind With some indie record that's much cooler than mine Oooh, you called me up again tonight But oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you We are never ever ever getting back togetherWe are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Oooh yeah, oooh yeah, oooh yeah Oh oh oh I used to think that we were forever ever And I used to say, â€Å"Never say never†¦ † Uggg, so he calls me up and he's like, â€Å"I still love you,† And I'm likeâ € ¦ â€Å"I just†¦ I mean this is exhausting, you know, like, We are never getting back together. Like, ever† No! We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to meBut we are never ever ever ever getting back together We, ohhh, getting back together,ohhh, We, ohhh, getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together  ·Awake With every appearance by you Blinding my eyes, I can hardly remember The last time I felt like I do You? re an angel disguised And you? re lying real still But your heartbeat is fast just like mine And the movie? s long over That? s three that have passed, one more? s fine Will you stay awake for me? I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breatheI? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anything I? m trying real hard not to shake I? m biting my tongue but I? m feeling alive And with every breath that I take I feel like I? ve won You? re my key to survival And if it? s a hero you want [. From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/s/secondhand-serenade-lyrics/awake-lyrics. html . ] I can save you, just stay here Your whispers are priceless Your presence is too so please stay here Will you stay awake for me? I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breathe I? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anythingSay my name, I just want to hear you Say my name, so I know it's true You? re changing me, you? re changing me You showed me how to live, so just say, so just say That you? ll stay awake for me I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breathe I? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anything  ·Inside My Heart I am nobody with no sense at all Pale as the mountain, cold as the shore Tried reminiscing, alone imagining What if I come to you? Then I stood up making the hours Gazing the sunsets, watching the stars.. Sparkling, smiling hello to my eyes. These as you come to meChorus: Inside my heart is you No greater love, no one above you Inside my heart is you Stay in love always, as I live in your ways Coz, inside my heart is you.. Play with the raindrops, lie on the sand (From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/f/frencheska-farr-lyrics/inside-my-heart-lyrics. html) Sail through the ocean, chasing the clouds Showed me completely what life is about†¦ I left with no worries flying so high (Repeat chorus) The end of all waiting, my new beginning Coz you have loved me this way. Inside my heart is you (oohh) No greater love no one above you ( no one above you†¦ oohh) Inside my heart is youStay in love always, as I live in your ways Coz, inside my heart is you.. Now I know the meaning Its love you creating The love in my heart is you†¦ Ins ide my heart is you..  ·Baby Baby [TAEYEON] Dorineun mam goma oon mam gadeukhi damaso Jelyebeun pojak soge (jonhago shipeunde) [YURI] Anilgoya ooseulgo ya ungdoonghan sang sang daemooneh Mae il miruneun babo (wae nagat janh ge) [JESSICA] Neul ootdon moseub neega nae mam hoob chingo [SUNNY] Gong maro numoo malo andweneunde [ALL] Please baby baby baby geu dae ga nae aneh [SEOHYUN] Numoo do gipi deurowa bo ilga iron nae sujubeun gobaek [ALL] Baby baby baby salmyo shi dagaga [SOOYOUNG]Jakeun mogsoriro gaga ee noman deurige malhae joolgeh [YOONA] Dab dab han mam mianhan mam onjenga jonaejool Mae il sahyo ganeun sunmool (jonhago shipeunde) [TIFFANY] Anilgo ya shireulgoya Geunyang nalpyon han chingu ee sangeun joldae anya (geuromyun ajae? ) [SUNNY] Neul otneun moseub nimam hoob chigo shipo [TAEYEON] Jongmaro numoo deulryo jugo shipo [ALL] Please baby baby baby geudaega nae aneh [From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/g/girls_-generation-lyrics/baby-baby-lyrics. html ] [JESSICA] Numoodo gipi deurowa bo il ga iron nae sujubeun gobaek [ALL] Baby baby baby sal myo shi dagaga [HYOYEON] Boodeuron noon ooseum euro noye momeh seumyo algoya [SEOHYUN] Sashil nudo algo nagagaji mothaneun nal [JESSICA] Oneu saenga naege no daga ogo itneungol [TAEYEON] Pogeunhan geu poomeuro nal gok anajwo [ALL] Please baby baby baby geudaega nae aneh [YURI] Numoo do gipi deurowa bo il ga iron nae sujubeun go baek [ALL] Baby baby baby sal myo shi dagaga [YOONA] Jakeun mogsoriro gaga ee noman neurige malhae jooleh [ALL] Please baby baby baby naega geudae aneh [TIFFANY] Sojong han sarang maneuro gadeugi chaewo nogo shipungolyo [ALL] Baby baby baby ijeneun geudaeye [TAEYEON] Nugodo boorubji anheul gajang yebeun yoja chinguya [ALL] Please baby baby baby

The experience of love as described in the poetry section, Love and loss of the Tracks2 anthology

. The first pair of poems, â€Å"First love† by John Clare and â€Å"A birthday† by Christina Rossetti are both poems which tackle the early and vague stages of love, the first being more pessimistic as listing the negative effects of love- its ‘symptoms' rather than its positive side, the second portraying the authors happiness to be in the clutches of love. The use of strong imagery is evident in both pieces as they tackle what goes through ones mind when in love, although it seems that the former poem is more on the physical side of the subject rather than the emotional. Christina Rossetti's poem seems to be full of joy to her lovers coming, if not slightly vague in that aspect, until one learns that her lover was very likely god and that it was death for whi9ch she was so eagerly waiting for. The first poems love seems unrequited, which seems to be the climax of it- the anxiousness of the author to â€Å"are flowers the winter's choice? Rossetti does not give much insight into the details of her love, but it seems that she has no worries of this- she seems more in control of her love. This is evident through rossetta's use of royal imagery, from mentioning the rich vair, which was used as a medieval fur cloak lining to the sovereign â€Å"peacocks with a hundred eyes†. Clare gives the impression that he is physically under her control; this conclusion can be drawn from the way â€Å"my legs refused to walk away† which shows his great helplessness to this situation-in contrast to the in-control Rossetti style love. A similarity that both poems share is the use of natural imagery to convey emotions regarding love, Clare resorts to describing ‘her' face as â€Å"a sweet flower† which seems to be the most natural image in the poem, in contrast to the slightly disturbing yet powerful images of blood burning around his heart and turning deadly pale. Christina Rossetti ‘s poem also uses natural imagery but more in the ‘first part'. The poem is not actually divided in any way, yet the reader will feel that way due to the split use of imagery of her former descriptions of â€Å"My heart†, followed by her orders as the sovereign noble. The imagery she uses can be easily associated with nobility since it includes the royal ‘vair', which was a valuable fur lining of garments use in the medieval times. It is therefore not incidental that Rossetti was obsessed with the middle ages, especially the Italian style of painting at this time. Her imagery is therefore not only rich, but slightly old fashioned â€Å"doves and pomegranates† were signets often used on shields of royal houses and clans. The gender of the writer seems to have an effect on the portrayal of love, Clare is victim, describing someone who â€Å"stole my heart away complete†, whilst Rossetti is the more in-control woman which is waiting for her love in splendour of royalty. The other apparently insignificant detail is that of the poems title, which of the two the latter seems to have a deeper meaning. â€Å"A Birthday† on first impression is a situation associated with joy and merrymaking, which is partly true to the emotions the author is expressing, yet it does not mean a ‘birthday' in the conventional sense of celebrating your birth, but in this case her ‘rebirth'. This rebirth can be interpreted as her waiting for death and her lover to be God, the images of richness and splendour can also be interpreted as in a more morose scene; the vair and purple dyes of the coffin and the fleurs-de-lis as the funeral bouqet. The title of Clare's poem simply gives an overall of the poem following, the incident of first love and the pains as well as pleasures that the author goes through during the whole ordeal; the physical pain of blood burning around his heart to the mental pain of uncertainty to â€Å"her† feelings towards ‘him'. The simplicity and consequently the impressive effect of both poems is a comparison to both, they both rhyme every two lines; â€Å"shoot†-â€Å"fruit† and both flow as abcbdcec. The poems are both divided into parts, much like paragraphs or the chapters of a book, they express slightly different emotions and change the context in every one of these ‘parts'. The second pair of poems is â€Å"When we two parted† by Lord Byron and â€Å"Villegiature† by Edith Nesbit. These are now about a much later phase of love, showing its condition after it has somewhat decayed and the passion has fizzled out. Both of the poets in comparison to the first set seem to suffer more as a result of their relationship than have any enjoyment out of it. The most painful image presented by lord Byron is that of their parting, as well as his later questioning why was she so dear. Villegature is the more light-hearted of the two, the author going on her very own ‘holiday', the word Villegature is French, which misleads the reader into thinking the poem will be about romance, only truly revealing the poets true emotions at the rather shocking end, â€Å"how you always bore me! The poems both express the expectations that the poets have of their lovers, this seems to differ with the poets gender, since lord Byron demands loyalty from his mistress, which is evident when he mentions that â€Å"light is thy fame†, fame meaning her social status is that she could be regarded as a woman of ‘loose' morals. The demands of Nesbit are quiet different, in light-hearted humour, she expresses h er lust for romance and passion, which has evidently vanished, from her relationship. The relationship is not described in great detail, but it is very likely that they have been together for a long time; Nesbit's poem fits the description of a married couple-together for the sake of marriage. Lord Byron's attachment to his mistress, â€Å"Long, long shall I rue thee. † Is evident through his choice of parting words in the first stance and the way he still seems to love her after all those â€Å"years†. When we two parted' portrays love which is pulled like a puppet on strings by society, when her name is spoken of badly Byron knows that he cannot continue to love her in fear of exposing their relationship. The partnership was a concealed one, â€Å"in secret we met†, kept away from the preying eyes of society for a reason that the poet does not give. Byron alternates between different emotions through the stances of the poem, ranging from his love for her to disregard of her and grieving for their dead relationship. Lord Byron also uses questions in the last two stances to draw attention to the expressions used. The two questions contrast in the poets emotions, the first â€Å"Why wert thou so dear? † questions the emotional expenditure of his lover whilst the second â€Å"How should I greet thee? † betrays the poets ever present sentiments for ‘her', â€Å"With silence and tears. † the very same way they parted years before. The poet questioning himself gives a good insight to his emotions through his answers and their importance by the way they are made to stand out by the use of dashes after them, â€Å"A shudder comes o'er me-â€Å". Villvegature also highlights the importance of some phrases through the use of similes â€Å"solid self long leagues away† draws attention to the fact that he is no longer an object of great admiration or interest in the poet, she also uses the words â€Å"deep in dull books† to emphasise his insipidness and the contrast of reality to her fantasized romantic lover, who is much like a ‘Romeo' who climbs a tree to reach his aficionado, the poet. The poem by lord Byron also shows some disappointment with his partner, perhaps more with her being disloyal to him, but he does also mention that their passion grew somewhat stale,†Colder thy kiss†. The disappointment comes from the fact that she broke all her â€Å"vows† and no longer is loyal to him. The use of romantic imagery is evident in both poems, in Villegature it is more the nature or environment which seems to be affected by romance- â€Å"The pear-tree boughs† are mentioned three times, in the first second and third stances, the poet also talks of â€Å"pearls of song† in the concluding stance, the only aquatic gem being the pearl. Lord Byron's poem uses imagery, which describes more of his lover than the nature or scenery, â€Å"Pale grew thy cheek† yet not much imagery is used in his poem compared to the works of Christina Rossetti or even John Clare. The reason for the contrast between the two poems may be that Edith Nesbit used excessive romanticism in her poem to fool the reader into thinking that she ‘loves' her partner or that the poem is not a fantasy, but an actual activity, although in the first stance she does use the image of â€Å"your ghost†, which is reminiscent of a memory she had of her lover. The last poem is â€Å"A woman to her lover† by Christina Walsh. This is the poem, which demonstrates the expectations of a ‘liberated' woman to her potential lover; it has an aroma of feminism about it and seems like a reasonable set of refusals that a 20th century woman could make. Aside from being very inspirational and emotion provoking, the poem also is an interesting expression of the poet's attitude to love and life, more careful and in a way determined than the earlier poems concerning love. The author this time seems to ‘attack' her male oppressors by generating some very persuasive arguments, such as by putting the â€Å"wingless angel† or the â€Å"doll† in, without argument, a negative light. The poet is very critical of the average potential ‘lover', in the first three stances, setting down a set of iron rules that he must abide to in order to be her â€Å"co-equal† in marriage. Her criticism is evident through her counter-glorification of the stereotypical, yet sadly often common desires of men are to have a â€Å"doll to dress and sit for feeble worship† or to have â€Å"my skin soft only for your fond caresses†. The use of the words â€Å"As conqueror to the vanquished† is also interesting- to me forming an image of the Spanish armada putting the capturing the helpless natives, in time turning them into â€Å"a bondslave† a slave with a ‘bond' to its master so they could not buy themselves out after their period of servitude has passed. The last stance concentrates mostly on what the poet expects of her lover, setting down the fundaments of the conditions in which a relationship with her could potentially bloom. Walsh uses words reminiscent of an alliance rather than the more conventional relationship of two lovers, â€Å"your comrade, friend, mate† â€Å"together† â€Å"co-equal†, giving a very lucrative description of a relationship free of the afore mentioned (wingless angel etc. ) conventional entities, not wanting to be a sex toy to satisfy his clamorous desire, but to know â€Å"the purity and height of passion†, refusing to be a placid doll or a holy wingless angel and using clear and strong words to express this â€Å"fool, I refuse you! † to express her distaste for the men who take enjoyment in this. In the first stance, she expresses a different kind of disagreement than in the second or third since the latter does not require her to do any manual work, she refuses: â€Å"No servant will I be†. Another point worth mentioning of the last stance is the way the marriage is described, the imagery used being so artistic and unusual; â€Å"music of the spheres for bridal march† , â€Å"The stars to laugh with joy† ,words which emphasise how different the marriage ceremony will be if the love is true and pure, if it is based on companionship and passionate love- a contradiction of the poets most despised image of the foolish man.

Economics & study Essay

Economics is the study of how individuals use scarce resources to satisfy their needs (Lee, et al). There are a number of concepts that are associated in learning economics. These include limited resources, opportunity cost and trade-offs among many other factors of consideration. To understand and be able to make wise decisions in the purchasing of any good and service, one should better understand these concepts of economics. They are also imperative in the production of goods and services which is the primary aim of studying economics (Salaman, 1). Money and time are resources that are finite (Lee, et al). They are therefore called limited resources. A scarce resource is a resource that has a high demand and therefore proper decision making is needed to ensure that they are used optimally. Economics involves the distribution of resources so that they can satisfy individual needs. Money is scarce because it is limited in supply and therefore it should be used wisely to satisfy human needs (Lee, et al). For instance, if an individual has $ 500 in the pocket, he will choose to pay for his rent rather than buying beer for himself. Time on the other hand is an economic resource and one needs to decide well on what to do at a certain time and what to do at other times. In our daily lives, we often make decisions that impact the purchase of goods and services. These decisions depend on what our needs are and what are the resources that are at our proposal. Making decisions in economics is a very vital stage when it comes to purchasing of goods and services (Salaman, 1). An individual should make a decision that he or she will not regret when the scarce economic resource runs out. To make a good decision, one should really understand some concepts in economics like the price theory. Price theory makes one understand the prices of commodities that are in the market. When one understands the price theory, he or she can make the correct decision on what to buy at what price without incurring many losses. Opportunity cost results after careful decision making (Lee, et al). It is the cost which is equivalent to the value of the best alternative that an individual sacrifices in doing something else. By making a choice in whatever an individual does in life, he or she must incur opportunity cost. It can either be a marginal benefit or a marginal cost. For instance, an individual may have choices of either joining a masters program or getting employed in a company paying him $ 100,000. If the person decides to go for the masters program, his opportunity cost will be $ 100,000. Marginal benefit is defined as the benefit that is got by adding one extra unit in the level of activity (Lee, et al). Marginal cost on the other hand is the extra cost incurred by adding an extra unit in the level of activity. Generally, since all consumers are assumed to be rational, they tend to minimize marginal costs and maximize marginal benefits. The difference between the two gives the net benefit. Trade-offs on the other hand is closely related to opportunity cost although it reallocates the amount of time or money to be spent (Cage). This implies that there is that money that is set aside for spending on maybe house expenses. By buying less of what is not necessarily important and buying more of what is necessary, one shall have incurred a trade-off. It involves reallocation of money or time from what had been planned on (Cage). In conclusion, the study of economics helps individuals to determine on the type of choices they are to make in their daily lives. Deciding on what good or service to purchase may call for one to understand the concepts of opportunist cost, trade-offs and most importantly, have the knowledge of the scarce resources that are available to him or her. Works Cited: Cage, Michael. The differentiation trade-off and marketing to values. 2010. Web July 14, 2010 from http://www. entrepreneurslife. com/thoughts/entry/the-differentiation-trade-off-and- marketing-to-values/ Lee, Kylen, et al. The scope and methods of economics. September 17 2006. Web: July 14, 2010 from http://www. econguru. com/introduction_to_economics/scope-method. html Salaman, Graeme. Decision making for business: A reader. London: SAGE Publication Ltd, 2002.

Group Roles and Norms Essay

Explicit norms are rules that are clearly stated. Implicit norms are hard for people with difficulty with socially-based learning. Roles within groups are different tasks that different people perform and the specific accomplishments each is expected to attain (Baron, Branscombe & Byrne, 2009, p. 384). An example of an explicit role is a professor for a class. The students in the class play the explicit role in the course. The professor’s role is to guide and nurture their students. An implicit role that students have is that they are just as likely to have a great deal to offer to the class as a group if the professor can create a safe, accepting environment that encourages the free exchange of ideas. Norms are rules established by groups which define acceptable and unacceptable behaviors (Baron, Branscombe & Byrne, 2009, p. 387). Horne (2004) specifically focuses on the sanctions which enforce the rules. An explicit norm for the classroom is that the students come prepared to class, as the roles are clearly stated in the syllabus. An implicit norm is that students have to come to class prepared. Students attempt to enforce the implicit norm by letting the instructor know they are prepared for class. An explicit norm is the length of time for classes. The class can deviate from the implicit norm while adhering to the explicit norm that classes will meet the whole length of class time. Some of the initial consequences to deviating from the implicit norm which students are that they wish the professor will follow their body language to let class out early. This reinforces the explicit norm that they will come to class prepared, violating their implicit norm that they will not participate in class. The professor can uses a form of sanctioning called Jeopardy. Professors can have students clear their desk so that students cannot attempt to enforce the implicit norm that class will dismiss early. Rewards are provided by group assessments. Creating accountability, both to the group and to oneself by creating a grading system that balances group work, daily grades, and tests is the best way to ensure a fairly smooth and regular routine to the classroom. Students unwilling to meet these explicit norms will ideally move on quickly to other courses where the implicit norms are more likely to be met or choose to adjust their behavior. References Baron, R. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Byrne, D. (2009). Social psychology (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Horne, C. (2004). Collective benefits, Exchange interests, and norm enforcement. Social Forces, 82(3), 1037-1062.

Methods Used by Elementary Teachers in Managing Misbehavior in the Classroom Essay

Introduction In today’s society, teachers at all grade levels face a growing number of students whose behavior challenges the success of daily classroom instruction. Managing misbehavior in the classroom remains one of the persistent difficulties of teaching. Whether it is in the elementary or secondary and tertiary education, the management of the pupil’s conduct remains to be a vital part of the daily equation of effective teaching. A large part of everything students do in school is geared toward forming good habits and discipline falls right in line with this. Discipline is concerned with the development of internal behavior that enables the students to manage themselves. Every school is required by our government to maintain discipline and to issue disciplinary rules for strict compliance. They are designed to develop among students the highest standard of decency, morality and good behavior. If there’s no discipline early, there’ll likely be no discipline as an a dult, which affects job performance, family relations, among other aspects of a student’s life. The aim of discipline is to set limits restricting certain behaviors or attitudes that are seen as harmful or going against school policies, educational norms, school traditions, among others. Concrete, reasonable and fair discipline is the foundation of an effective and efficient institution. Fortunately, teachers usually are able to rely on these disciplinary rules and standard strategies for addressing classroom misbehavior, either independently or with the support of colleagues, and they are able to find a successful solution to the problem however these tactics may still fail to produce the desired outcome because of the varying degrees of differences in the attitude of teachers and students and other societal factors. While there have been gains in terms of school’s responses and significant programs and policies have already been made to lessen the occurrence of misbehaving, and improve the behavior of the students, such efforts have not been enough to cater to this rap idly growing number of cases. On the other hand, while these set of strategies are in place, enforcement remains weak. Challenges still remain in terms of translating these rules into concrete and doable actions that will address the underlying cause that bring about misbehavior in schools. It is therefore imperative to develop a stronger and comprehensive platform on treating this phenomenon that includes a wide  array of possible intervening factors, existing opportunities and limitations. Teachers must be able to work within school guidelines, connect with the students and communicate these difficulties with parents for effective teaching best takes place in a classroom with few disruptions for misbehavior. Moreover, the government, the school, the parents, and the children themselves should share responsibilities. This paper is therefore addressed to concerned professionals, agencies, and the public school administrators and teachers who are presently working hard in alignment towards eliminating the negative effects of misbehavior from public schools such as Catbalogan I Central Elementary Sch ool to other public and private institutions in the whole country. Statement of the Problem Nowadays, Filipino teachers face the spread of behavioral problems that threaten the educational system in most schools. These problems have direct influence on the learning process and the overall teaching/learning experience. Thus, more and more models of strategies are utilized by schools to combat the increasing problems. To deliberately rank the most effective means to overcome misbehavior on a more basic and intrinsic spectrum as vital and basic as public elementary schools, the study will explain and analyze the different strategies that have facilitated Catbalogan 1 Elementary School teachers in dealing with the misbehavior of Grade 5 and 6 students and how effective have they been in managing misbehavior in the classroom during the school year 2013-2014. Research Questions: 1. What are the general theories explaining the occurrence of misbehavior among children in general? * Why do students misbehave? * What are the indicators of misbehavior? * When and how could we assess if the student is already misbehaving? * Compare respondent’s approach to classroom management with Dreikurs’s approach and determine which of Dreikurs’s approaches were incorporated into the respondents’ approach. How do they incorporate them? * 2. What basic proper standards of behavior does the teacher implement in addition to the existing school behavior policies and programs in dealing with students misbehavior? 3. Which of these disciplinary methods, techniques and strategies is the most effective in the reduction and prevention of misbehavior of students in class? Thesis Statement The research intends to study the administration of discipline towards misbehavior cases in Grade 5 and 6 classes of Catbalogan 1 Central Elementary School. The study affirms that the management of existing policies and strategies used by the teachers in dealing with the problem of misbehavior still face greater challenge that it remains inadequate in the implementation because these rules and their consequences are not equally and consistently enforced. A comprehensive school behavior policy program is indispensable in meeting the needs of each school in curbing down misbehavior towards effective teaching and also in providing a positive learning experience for children. Hypotheses 1. The strategies that will be utilized greatly depend on the ability of the teachers to provide a comprehensive set of the proper standards of behavior or a behavior policy in the class. 2. Societal factors have a significant effect in properly addressing the issues of misbehavior in the classroom. 3. Teachers’ lack of awareness of the rules which requires their functions to discipline, safeguard and promote the welfare of the children has a negative effect on the behavior of the students. Student’s behavior on the other hand is directly affected by the teachers’ attitude towards them. Theoretical framework Effective teachers know that in order to truly help a student to change an inappropriate behavior, they have to get to the root causes and consider the core of the problem. When there is misbehavior, we have to stress out several external consequences of several interdependent conditions. Therefore, in order for us to identify, plan, and implement and compare the most effective strategies of intervention, it is necessary to define it in  the context of its different causes and structural features. The researcher through the examination of theories available in the literature will use the Social Discipline Model by the social psychologist, Rudolf Dreikurs. Dr. Rudolf Dreikurs, renowned educator, developed these four behavioral goals in the 1930s. He was a student and colleague of Alfred Adler, who believed that â€Å"all behavior has a purpose.† Dreikurs has written many articles and books on student behavior and much of his work can be purchased on the internet. His theories on behavior have had an enormous impact on the raising of children and classroom management models. His model is based on the four basic premises of Adler’s social theory which are: 1. Humans are social beings and their basic motivation is to belong 2. All behavior has a purpose 3. Humans are decision-making organisms 4. Humans only perceive reality and this perception may be mistaken or biased Dreikurs’ educational philosophy is â€Å"based on the philosophy of democracy, with its implied principle of human equality, and on the socio-teleological approach of the psychology of Alfred Adler. In this frame of reference, man is recognized as a social being, his actions as purposive and directed toward a goal, his personality as a unique and indivisible entity†. (Dreikurs,1968). A socio-teleological approach implies the existence of God, a higher purpose, and a natural order of things. Dreikurs believed it was possible to understand children’s misbehaviors by recognizing the four main purposes or goals of the child. The four goals of misbehavior are attention getting, the contest for power, seeking revenge, and displaying inadequacy. Dreikurs promoted the use of encouragement and logical (and natural) consequences rather than reward and punishment. Essentially, every action of the child is grounded in the idea that he is seeking his place in the group. A well-adjusted child will conform to the requirements of the group by making valuable contributions. A child who misbehaves, on the other hand, will defy the needs of the group situation in order to maintain social status. Whichever of the aforementioned goals he chooses to employ, the child believes that this is the only way he can function within the group dynamic successfully. Dreikurs states that â€Å"his goal may occasionally vary with the circumstances: he may act to attract attention at one moment, and assert his power or seek revenge at another† (Dreikurs, 1968, p.27). Regardless if the child is well-adjusted or is misbehaving, his main purpose will be social acceptance. The following are techniques that can be used to address the four goals of misbehavior Attention Getting Some students strive to be the center of attention. They do almost anything to be noticed from being argumentative to being funny. There is a lack of concern about following accepted procedure to gain recognition. Teachers and classmates find behavior by this student annoying and at times rude and unacceptable. The attention seekers may be disciplined for: disrespect, teasing, disturbing the class, being uncooperative, swearing, talking, being out of his seat, and making fun of others. Dreikurs said most students start misbehaving by seeking attention, and when this fails, they move on to more problematic goal-seeking behaviors, such as power. This is why it is important to find a thoughtful intervention in the first phase of misbehavior: attention seeking. (http://www.metu.edu.tr) Dreikurs believed that over 90% of all misbehavior is for attention. Technique towards attention Getting Behavior: 1. Minimize the Attention – Ignore the behavior, stand close by, write a note 2. Legitimize the Behavior – Create a lesson out of the behavior, have the class join in the behaviors 3. Do the Unexpected – Turn out the lights, play a musical instrument, talk to the wall 4. Distract the Student – Ask a question or a favor, change the activity 5. Recognize Appropriate Behavior – Thanks students, give a written note of congratulations 6. Move the Student – Ask the student to sit at another seat, send the student to a â€Å"thinking chair† Seeking Power and Control Wanting to be in charge or in control provides the motivation for some student misbehavior. Students with this agenda simply want their way. They don’t hesitate to take a stand on matters important to them and are often disruptive and confrontational in reaching their goal. The teacher may feel provoked, threatened or challenged by this student. The following reasons may be the basis for a referral to the office for a student who struggles for power: disobeying, disrespect, not cooperating, talking back and  disturbing the class. Often power-seeking students don’t act out until they’re assured of an audience. And from the teacher’s perspective, this is probably the worst possible time. 1. Make a Graceful Exit – Acknowledge student’s power, remove audience, table matter for later discussion, 2. Use a Time-Out 3. Apply the Consequence Seeking Revenge Lashing out or getting even is how some students compensate for real or imagined hurt feelings. The target of the revenge may be the teacher, other students, or both. Revenge may come in the form of a physical and/or psychological attack. Bullies often use revenge as their excuse for shoving or pushing, teasing, causing embarrassment and excluding others. Displaying Inadequacy Wanting to avoid repeated failure, some students appear to be discouraged and helpless. They falsely believe that they can’t live up to expectations, either their own or those of others. To compensate for this belief, they don’t attempt anything that might result in failure. They hope that others will forget about them and not hold them responsible for anything. These students may be disciplined for: not paying attention, not being prepared, being dishonest and wasting time. This phenomenon, decribed as â€Å"learned helplessness† by psychologists, is characteristic of students who fail needlessly because they do not invest their best efforts. 1. Modify Instructional Methods 2. Use Concrete Learning Materials and Computer-Enhanced Instruction 3. Teach One Step at a Time (or break instruction into smaller parts) 4. Provide Tutoring 5. Teach Positive Self-Talk and Speech 6. Teach that Mistakes are Okay 7. Build Student’s Confidence 8. Focus on Past Successes 9. Make Learning Tangible 10. Recognize Achievement No matter what the reason is for a student’s misbehavior, we are forced to respond. Some responses produce better results than others. Below is a list of both positive and negative responses by educators. Responses that usually get negative results include: 1. Reacting emotionally by being angry or making hollow threats 2. Handing out a punishment that is out of proportion to the offense 3. Reacting to misbehavior publicly 4. Reacting to a small incidence that often resolves itself 5. Making an accusation without the facts to back it up Responses that tend to get positive results include: 1. Describing the unacceptable behavior to the student 2. Pointing out how his behavior negatively impacts him and others 3. Talking with the students about what could have been a better behavior choice and why 4. Asking the student to write a goal that will help him improve his actions 5. Showing confidence in the student that his behavior goals are achievable 6. Positively reinforcing behavior that relates to student goals Dreikurs believes the best way to correct misbehavior is with logical consequences. For example, if a student doesn’t finish his homework, he stays after school to complete it. This helps the student make an association between the misbehavior and the consequences. The environmental-sociological-cultural are those theories that see the primary contributing factors to misbehavior from the immediate environment, society, or culture. Balanon also classified this model as the â€Å"environment factor† which includes physical, social, cultural and economic factors. This includes 1) environmental stress model, 2) social learning model 3) social-psychological and 4) psychosocial systems. (Rodriguez, 2006) The family systems approach by Peter Reder, Duncan Sylvia, and Gray Moira, which put significance in the relationship between family and others as relevant to the problem and analysis. It provided a framework that focuses in interpersonal, group, and institutional functioning. It is said that the concept of circularity in the systemic model emphasizes mutual influence between two or more people and the role and meaning that each person has for others must be modified and their relationship renegotiated. Family systems focus on patterns of interaction within families with particular emphasis on  communication and a psychological role adopted by family members and the view of casualty is circular involving family members. According to Rozsbaszky in Understanding the â€Å"Misbehavior† of Children Through the Theory and Research on Ego Development,(1980) , the theory of â€Å"ego development† by Jane Loevinger is a major theory of personality. According to the theory, it is a major determinant of personality characteristics in each individual whether child or adult is his or her level of ego development. Some personality characteristics are believed to be manifestations of an individual’s ego level. Personality characteristics may actually be markers or milestone traits for a particular ego level. As the child matures, he or she passes through the invariant sequence of stages of ego development, each greater cognitive and interpersonal complexity than the precedi ng stages. FIGURE 1 : Conceptual Framework of the Study Conceptual Framework Explained The figure shows a base frame which contains the respondents and the research environment which this study will be conducted. The respondents of this study are the Grade V and VI teachers of CAtbalogan I Elementary School. At the top of the base frame is a bigger frame which contains the variates as well as the process by which this study will be conducted. The study will determine the relationship shown by the double headed arrow connecting the two frames, between the Teacher’s Profile, Student’s Profile, Class Profile as to size and performance, Government Intervention, Support Groups, Family Values, Behavior of teachers towards students, behavior of students towards teachers other societal, psychological, economic, environment factors shown by the box at the right of the bigger frame, and the strategies and techniques of Grade V and VI teachers in dealing with misbehavior among students with existing school behavioral policy and legislation and programs on misbehavio r shown by the box at the left inside the bigger frame. The result of this study and the corresponding recommendations made, seen as the third frame, will serve as basis for the desired result shown in the uppermost broken lined sphere which is Positive Classromm Environment and successful and effective teaching and improved well-being of students. The desired effect depends on the independent variables which are strategies and  techniques used by Teacher-respondents, existing school behavioral policies and implementing laws regarding misbehavior. Effective implementation of these strategies and policies in schools with the cooperation and intervention of societal factors such as the family as the primary unit of society, next is the educational system, the variety of social networks, serves as important factors to attain an improved system on managing misbehavior in schools. However, this would also be measured among other intervening factors such as the profile of teachers, students and the class as to size and performance, government interventions, support groups, the values of the family of students, the behavior of teachers towards the class, the behavior of student towards teachers and other societal, psychological, economic, and environment setbacks. They include the complexity of social relationships with kin, neighbo rs, and friends, who may be sources of stress as well as support, and who may fail to reduce misbehavior even when they are trying to be emotionally supportive. Consequently above relationships of the boxes inside the bigger frame, a desired outcome is total awareness of Effective Methods towards Successful Management of Students’ Misbehavior in Catbalogan 1 thus will result to positive classroom environment and improved well being of the students. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study is intended to study the occurrence of misbehavior among students, its causes and the many ways to lessen its occurrence through professional responses and strategies implemented. It also represents the active struggles of teachers in dealing with the problems of behavior towards their students. The researcher hopes that this study will serve school principals to identify the behavioral problems that faced teachers in the classroom, in order to find solutions to decrease the effect of these problems on the level of teacher participation and student achievement. It also serves the educational administrations specifically the Department of Education (DepEd) to make decision to face the classroom problems through teacher training programs and useful laws. They will also know whether a certain program has already attained certain objectives. To the teachers, it will serve as a useful guide in understanding the student’s attitude and the many causes of misbehavior. Consequently, they will gain insights on which of the several  strategies is the most effective in eradicating problems of behavior among students. They could also benefit from the study through expanding their ways of improving their methods by the recommendations brought about by this study. For the students, they will increase awareness of the need to follow the standards imposed by the teachers and adapt their behaviors accordingly to the standards of proper discipline. The school administrators will also benefit from the study through acquiring ideas thus being able to lobby for policy adjustments in order to improve the current behavior policy of the school. For future researchers, this will provide a thorough and comprehensive literature for them to be able to conduct similar studies and furthermore inspire the readers to do more studies of an all encompassing discipline such as teaching and the effects of a new framework in solving misbehavior and other academic problems wh ich are much challenging and worth experimenting. Scope and Limitations This study will determine the effective strategies used by Grade 5 and 6 Teachers of Catbalogan I Central Elementary Schools in dealing with the problem of misbehavior using the descriptive – cross sectional design approach. The respondents are the Grade 5 and 6 teachers in Catbalogan I Central Elementary School, Catbalogan City. Descriptive as well as inferential statistical tools will be used in this study. This research paper is consisted of 7 parts. The first part covered the overview, objectives of the study, the methodology, frameworks applicable and review of related literature. The next part assessed the complexity of misbehavior in the classroom and the root causes root causes and effects of misbehavior. The third part examined the existing conventional strategies, theories and practices management such as â€Å"Dreikurs’s approach, which are commonly used by a majority of schools in dealing with misbehavior in comparison torespondent’s approach in the classroom. The next chapter tackled on the set of policies and programs of the Catbalogan I central Elementary School and is subsequently followed by the chapter on the best strategies the respondents perceive to be the most effective. The next part  was delved on the analysis of findings by presentation of the date gathered from the questionnaires and relevant information from Catbalogan I Central Elementary School and finally followed by the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation. DEFINITION OF TERMS For better understanding, the following terms are hereby defined conceptually and operationally. BEHAVIOR It is the way a person behaves or acts; conducts; manners. In this study behavior mostly refer to the perception, attitude and general feeling and well being of an individual DISCIPLINE It is imparting knowledge and skill, in other words to teach. Discipline is used by teachers or parents to teach their children about expectations, guidelines and principles. Children need to be given regular discipline to be taught right from wrong and to be maintained safe SCHOOL DISCIPLINE It is the system of rules, punishments, and behavioral strategies appropriate to the regulation of children or adolescents and the maintenance of order in schools. Its aim is to control the students’ actions and behavior MISBEHAVIOR Misbehavior is a deliberate action, contrary to adult rules when a child fully understands those rules, and has the capacity to obey them mentally, emotionally, and physically. (http://www.4cforkids.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/misbehavior_poster.pdf) SCHOOL BEHAVIORAL POLICY It is the general principles and standards of behavior expected of pupils at the school and how that standard will be achieved, the school rules, any disciplinary penalties for breaking the rules and rewards for good behavior. BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES Strategies can help a teacher to manage behavior in a classroom